Public buildings Spatial composition of
various Public buildings Although the nature and type of use are different, they can be divided into main use part, secondary use part (or auxiliary part) and traffic connection part. In the design, we should first grasp the relationship of these three major parts to arrange and combine, and solve various contradictory problems one by one, so as to achieve the rationality and perfection of the functional relationship. In the composition of these three parts, the allocation of traffic connection space often plays a key role.
The traffic connection part can generally be divided into three basic spatial forms: horizontal traffic, vertical traffic and hub traffic.
1. Horizontal traffic
The space forms such as corridor, hall and corridor are often used. The design should be straightforward and avoid twists and turns. It should be closely connected with all parts of the space, with good lighting and ventilation.
Vertical traffic
Stairs (straight running, double running or triple running stairs), elevators, escalators and ramps are often used. The location and number of stairs in public buildings shall be determined according to functional requirements and fire protection requirements. It shall be close to the traffic hub, evenly arranged, primary and secondary, and suitable for the user's traffic flow.
Hub traffic
Considering the collection and distribution of people, the transformation of direction, the transition of space, and the connection with passageways, stairs and other spaces, it is necessary to set space forms such as vestibules and hallways to play the role of transportation hub and space transition. Easy to use, decent space, reasonable structure, proper decoration, economical and effective. Both the use function and the creation of space artistic conception should be considered.
Spatial combination
(1) Separate space combination
The separation space combination is characterized by combining various rooms by means of traffic space. It is often called "aisle style" building layout, which is widely used in office, school, hospital, dormitory and other buildings. There are two types of layout: inner corridor (the corridor is in the middle, connecting rooms on both sides) and outer corridor (the corridor is on one side, connecting rooms on one side).
(2) Continuous spatial combination
In order to meet the requirements of visiting routes, public buildings of exhibition type can be basically divided into five forms in terms of space combination: serial, radial, serial and channel, serial and radial, and comprehensive hall.
Note: Refer to Zhang Wenzhong, Tianjin University, Principles of Public Building Design.
(3) Performance space combination
Public buildings Public buildings (gymnasiums, cinemas, concert halls, dance halls, entertainment cities) of the performance type generally have large spaces as the center of the combination, and service spaces are arranged around large spaces. Service space and large space should be closely linked and form the whole space.
