Public buildings Energy conservation is an important part of building energy conservation, and related work has been attached importance to, and has made great achievements. At this year's "two sessions" of the National People's Congress, energy conservation in public buildings has also become a topic. Hou Ximin, a deputy to the National People's Congress and director of the Housing and Urban Rural Development Department of Anhui Province, suggested that public buildings should set an example for green buildings and strictly implement green building standards. This shows that public building energy conservation has a great space to exert in the work of energy conservation, emission reduction and climate change, and has a position that cannot be ignored.
The way of public building energy conservation
China has a huge stock of public buildings and considerable energy consumption. According to statistics, the annual power consumption of government office buildings and large public buildings accounts for about 22% of the total power consumption of cities and towns in China. The annual power consumption per square meter is 10 to 20 times that of ordinary residential buildings. The energy saving potential of large public buildings is more than 30%. Therefore, over the past decade, the attention to energy conservation in public buildings has been continuously strengthened and the work has continued to deepen.
The 11th Five Year Plan period is the stage when the public building energy conservation work is fully launched. In 2005, the former Ministry of Construction started the relevant work. The Science and Technology Department included the preparation, review and promulgation of the Design Standards for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings in the work agenda. 2007 is an important year for public building energy conservation. The Notice of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction and Several Opinions on Strengthening the Construction Management of Large Public Building Projects were issued. The former Ministry of Construction specifically targeted the Energy Audit Guidelines and the Implementation Plan for the Construction of Energy Conservation Supervision System for State office buildings and large public buildings The introduction of a series of policies and specifications such as Energy Consumption Statistical Method has strengthened the monitoring and supervision of energy consumption of public buildings. The Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development carried out energy consumption statistics, energy audit, and energy efficiency publicity of national office buildings and large public buildings nationwide, and carried out pilot construction of dynamic monitoring platform for energy consumption of public buildings in some provinces and cities, achieving good results. At the same time, the pilot work for the construction of conservation oriented colleges and universities has also been launched. It is worth noting that public buildings have always been a part of the green building evaluation and identification work carried out during the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period, which has played a role in promoting the energy conservation of public buildings. Through various efforts, from 2005 to 2010, the national public institutions saved 33.91 million tons of standard coal and reduced 84.775 million tons of carbon dioxide. In 2011, the energy consumption per unit building area decreased by 16.8% compared with 2005.
Energy efficiency in public buildings was further deepened during the "12th Five Year Plan" period. In 2011, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development issued the Notice on Further Promoting Energy Efficiency in Public Buildings, requiring the establishment and improvement of an energy efficiency supervision system for public buildings, especially large public buildings, to achieve measurable and monitorable energy consumption in public buildings, And gradually promote the energy-saving transformation of high energy consumption public buildings to reduce the energy consumption per unit area of public buildings by 10%, including the energy consumption of large public buildings by 15%. The Notice on Further Promoting the Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings also requires to vigorously promote the innovation of systems and mechanisms, and combine the subsidies for energy conservation renovation in key cities with the energy contract management mechanism. To this end, the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development have organized the construction of public building energy conservation supervision platform, demonstration of key cities for public building energy conservation transformation, construction of energy conservation supervision platform for colleges and universities, and demonstration of building energy conservation transformation for colleges and universities. In addition, for example, the 2015 revised national standard "Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings" has been issued successively. During the "12th Five Year Plan" period, the energy-saving transformation of existing public buildings also began to be implemented on a large scale. By the end of 2012, more than 40000 public buildings had completed energy consumption statistics, 9675 energy audit buildings, 8342 energy consumption publicity buildings, and more than 3860 buildings had been dynamically monitored for energy consumption. Six provinces including Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Anhui, Henan and Hubei were identified as the fifth batch of pilot projects for the construction of dynamic energy consumption monitoring platforms, and Shanghai was identified as the second batch of key cities for energy-saving reconstruction of public buildings. 77 colleges and universities, including China University of Geosciences (Beijing) and Huaqiao University, have been identified as the pilot of energy-saving campus construction, and 14 colleges and universities, including the Party School of the CPC Central Committee and Tsinghua University, have been identified as the demonstration of energy-saving comprehensive transformation.
Obviously, energy conservation in public buildings goes hand in hand with energy consumption supervision, energy-saving transformation and green development.
Green development of public buildings
Green buildings are "four saving and one environmental protection" buildings in the whole life cycle, and have made great achievements since they were launched. The green building evaluation sign is the sign of green buildings, and public buildings have always been the object of this evaluation work. In 2013, important progress was made in the development of green buildings. The General Office of the State Council issued the Notice on Forwarding the Action Plan for Green Buildings of the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development. The development of green buildings has become a national strategy, and the energy conservation of public buildings has become a part of the action for green buildings.
The Action Plan for Green Buildings clearly states that government invested buildings such as state organs, schools, hospitals, museums, science and technology museums, stadiums, and large public buildings such as airports, stations, and hotels with an area of more than 20000 square meters have fully implemented the green building standards since 2014, and strengthened the review of the implementation of standards. The existing public buildings should be energy-efficient. During the "12th Five Year Plan" period, 60 million square meters of public buildings and 60 million square meters of office buildings of public institutions should be renovated.
In 2014, the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, the General Office of the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Office of the State Organ Affairs Administration issued the Notice on Comprehensively Promoting Green Building Action in the Construction of Government Investment in Public Welfare Buildings and Large Public Buildings, strengthening the responsibilities of all parties involved in the construction and strengthening the management of the whole process of construction.
In this context, various regions have formulated relevant policies to promote the green development of public buildings. In 2013, Shaanxi Province formulated five engineering construction standards, including Shaanxi Provincial Green Design Standards for Public Buildings (Draft for Comments). Jiangxi Province issued the Implementation Opinions on the Development of Green Buildings in Jiangxi Province in 2013. Shanghai has formulated the engineering construction specification "Green Design Standard for Public Buildings", which has been officially implemented since September 1, 2014. It is required that new, reconstructed and expanded public buildings should be designed in accordance with the "Green Design Standard for Public Buildings". During the "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period, Shanghai was listed in the second batch of key cities for energy-saving reconstruction of public buildings in China. It is required to complete the target task of reducing consumption by 20% for energy-saving reconstruction of 4 million square meters of public buildings by August 2014. Each energy-saving reconstruction project of public buildings can enjoy a national financial subsidy of 20 yuan per square meter. Since 2014, Fujian Province has fully implemented green building standards for public welfare projects invested by the government, large public buildings with an area of more than 20000 square meters, residential communities with an area of more than 100000 square meters, and low-income housing invested by the finance of Xiamen, Fuzhou, Quanzhou and other cities.
The combination of public building energy efficiency and green buildings during the "12th Five Year Plan" period has promoted the development of public building energy efficiency.
