Space composition, functional zoning, people flow organization and evacuation, as well as space measurement, shape and physical environment (quantity, shape and quality). Among them, the prominent focus is the natural use of architectural space and streamline activities.
Public buildings Spatial composition
Although the use nature and type of various public buildings are different, they can be divided into three parts: the main use part, the secondary use part (or auxiliary part) and the traffic connection part. In the design, first of all, we should grasp the relationship between these three parts to sort out and combine, and solve various contradictions one by one, so as to achieve a reasonable and perfect functional relationship. In these three parts, the configuration of traffic contact space often plays a key role.
The traffic connection part can be divided into three basic spatial forms: horizontal traffic, vertical traffic and hub traffic.
Key points of horizontal traffic layout:
It should be direct, prevent twists and turns, closely related to each part of the space, and have better lighting and illumination. For example, an aisle.
Key points of vertical traffic layout:
The location and quantity shall be determined according to the functional requirements and fire protection requirements. Close to the traffic hub, the primary and secondary are evenly arranged, and the number of people is appropriate.
Key points of transportation hub layout:
Easy to use, suitable space, reasonable structure, proper decoration, economical and effective. The creation of space artistic conception should take into account the use function.
In the design of public buildings, considering the distribution of people, the transformation of direction, the transformation of space and the connection with corridors, stairs and other spaces, space should be arranged in the form of halls, halls and other forms to play the role of transportation hub and space transition.
The design of the entrance and exit of the hall is mainly based on two requirements: one is the use requirements, and the other is the space processing requirements.
Functional zoning of public buildings
The concept of functional zoning is to classify spaces according to different functional requirements, and to combine and divide them according to the closeness of their relationships;
The principle of functional zoning is: clear zoning, convenient contact, reasonable arrangement according to the relationship between primary, secondary, internal, external, noise, and static, so that it is in an appropriate position; At the same time, according to the actual use requirements, arrange the location according to the sequence of people flow activities. The combination and division of space should take the main space as the core, and the arrangement of secondary space should be conducive to the function of the main space; The external space should be close to the traffic hub, and the internal space should be relatively hidden; On the basis of in-depth analysis, properly deal with the problem of space connection and isolation.
Public buildings Pedestrian evacuation
Evacuation can be divided into normal evacuation and emergency evacuation; Normal evacuation can be divided into continuous evacuation (such as store evacuation), centralized evacuation (such as theater evacuation) and joint evacuation (such as exhibition hall evacuation). Emergency evacuation is centralized.
The evacuation of public buildings shall be unobstructed, and the buffer zone at the hub shall be considered. If necessary, it can be dispersed properly to prevent overcrowding. Continuous activities should separate exports from population. The evacuation time shall be fully considered, and the traffic capacity shall be calculated according to the fire prevention specification.
The regulation of function on the quantity, shape and quality of a single space
The size, capacity and shape of a single space, as well as lighting, ventilation, sunshine, temperature and humidity conditions are the basic factors of suitability. They are also important aspects of building functions, which should be comprehensively considered in the design.
