With the development of building construction technology and people's needs for tourism, vacation and entertainment, * hotels and guesthouses have sprung up to become city landscapes, bringing people comfortable and beautiful feelings Hotel building Due to its complex functions, dense personnel, large fire load, and many flammable and toxic decoration materials, people are often placed in an unsafe environment, even resulting in casualties when a fire accident occurs, once the architectural design and construction links are not strictly controlled.
How to prevent hotels Hotel building The fire control problems that are difficult to rectify, difficult to rectify or impossible to rectify often require the joint efforts of the construction, design, construction, fire control and other functional departments to find the problems in the front, and strive to improve the overall fire resistance of the building from all angles and levels. Through the work practice in recent years, the following suggestions are put forward in combination with several problems.
1、 The influence of the secondary decoration of the building on the fire fighting conditions of the main building.
Since the design of the main body of the building and the secondary decoration design belong to different stages of the building, there are large differences in the design scope, emphasis and facility configuration. If the fire control review is not considered comprehensively, it will cause disconnection between the front and the back. For example, the secondary decoration causes the qualitative change of the main building. According to Article 3.0.1 of Code for Fire Protection Design of High rise Civil Buildings (GB50045-95, 2005 Edition, hereinafter referred to as "High rise Code"), * hotels belong to Class I high-rise buildings Public buildings 。 According to Article 2.0.10 of the High Level Planning, * hotels refer to "hotels with star level conditions and air conditioning systems". It is common that when designing the main building, because the interior decoration scheme has not been determined, it is not known whether central air conditioning will be used for future decoration, especially the understanding of star level assessment. It has always been difficult to have a standard, which often leads to difficulties in review.
According to the provisions of the Classification and Evaluation of Tourist Hotel Stars (GB/T14308-2010) drafted by the Supervision and Management Department of the National Tourism Administration, hotels or hotel sites are divided into five stars, of which the evaluation threshold of one star is low, and ordinary hotels and hotels often meet the evaluation conditions. Therefore, when reviewing the hotels and hotels whose main building body is a Class II high-rise building, it is necessary to understand with the construction party and the design party, explain the relationship between the main building body and decoration, as well as the problem of star rating, so as to avoid the need to adjust the indoor and outdoor fire water and other fire facilities due to the qualitative change of the building in the future.
2、 The impact of glass curtain wall project on building fire safety.
The use of glass curtain walls to increase the transparency and visual impact of buildings has become a popular trend in urban public buildings, especially in * hotels. Due to the characteristics of glass curtain walls' own materials and construction technology, the impact on building fire safety during its use is mainly reflected in:
1. Impact on the rescue of fire engines. Fire truck climbing operation site is usually set around high-rise buildings, and rescue openings are set at corresponding floors, so that rescue personnel can enter the building for rescue. For high-rise buildings with glass curtain walls on one side of the climbing surface, necessary rescue windows need to be set on the curtain walls. If the rescue window is not opened in advance or the setting method of the rescue window is unreasonable, the rescue time will inevitably be delayed.
2. Influence on natural smoke exhaust effect. If the outer wall of the room on the outer side adopts glass curtain wall, it will inevitably affect its natural smoke exhaust. Therefore, smoke exhaust windows need to be set on the curtain wall, but their setting methods, such as upper hung windows, lower hung windows, sliding windows, and their setting positions, such as close to the ceiling or in the middle of the curtain wall, will also affect the natural smoke exhaust effect.
3. Impact on vertical and horizontal fire separation of buildings. The glass curtain wall spans different fire compartments from top to bottom, from left to right. If the fire separation measures are not in place, it is easy to cause the fire to spread around the gaps, holes and openings. For this reason, article 3.0.8 of the High tech Code adopts the method of setting window sill wall, incombustible skirt wall or fireproof glass skirt wall to solve the problem. However, in actual construction, the skirt wall is often not set along the outer edge of each floor, but retreats a certain distance, so there is a large gap between the glass curtain wall and the skirt wall, which needs to be filled and sealed with steel pallet and incombustible materials. During the acceptance inspection of the project, it is often found that the plugging height is insufficient or incomplete, making the skirt wall less than 0.8m high. As the fireproof sealing of glass curtain wall is a concealed project, the above problems are often found during the acceptance, which is difficult to rectify. Therefore, in addition to the design, it is also necessary to strengthen the inspection of the construction process.
